CVE-2025-32433 exposes Erlang/OTP SSH servers to remote code execution—patch now! Learn how AI-generated PoCs accelerate exploits, Cisco’s vulnerable products, and critical mitigation steps for enterprises and IoT devices.
Severe Remote Code Execution Flaw in Erlang/OTP SSH Libraries
A newly disclosed vulnerability (CVE-2025-32433) in Erlang/OTP SSH libraries allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected systems.
Researchers from Ruhr University Bochum warn that IoT devices, telecom platforms, and enterprise systems using these libraries are at risk of full compromise.
"If your SSH daemon runs as root, attackers gain complete control—leading to data theft, manipulation, or denial-of-service," explains Fabian Bäumer, Chair for Network and Data Security at Ruhr University Bochum.
Affected Versions & Immediate Mitigations
The flaw impacts:
OTP-27.3.2 and earlier
OTP-26.2.5.10 and earlier
OTP-25.3.2.19 and earlier
Recommended fixes:
✅ Upgrade to OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, or OTP-25.3.2.20
✅ Disable SSH access if patching isn’t immediate
✅ Restrict SSH via firewall rules
How CVE-2025-32433 Works: Missing Authentication Checks
The vulnerability stems from missing authentication in a critical function. The Erlang/OTP patch enforces client verification before processing connection requests—closing the exploit window.
Arctic Wolf’s advisory notes:
"Fixes for Erlang/OTP SSH aren’t automatically applied to dependent software. Users must
apply vendor-specific updates."
High-Risk Industries & Products
Telecommunications (e.g., Cisco ConfD, NSO)
IoT devices (embedded systems)
Enterprise middleware
Cisco confirmed its ConfD, ConfD Basic, and Network Services Orchestrator (NSO) are vulnerable, with patches expected in May 2025.
AI-Powered Exploits: GPT-4 Creates Working PoC in Hours
Within 24 hours of disclosure, security researcher Matt Keeley used ChatGPT-4 to develop a functional exploit.
How AI accelerated the process:
Analyzed Horizon3.ai’s tweet (non-public PoC)
Identified the patched commit
Reverse-engineered the flaw
Debugged & refined the exploit
"Years of manual research condensed into an afternoon with AI," Keeley noted.
This raises concerns about AI-driven cyber threats—lowering the barrier for attackers.
Key Takeaways & Next Steps
🛑 Patch immediately if using Erlang/OTP SSH
🛑 Monitor network traffic for exploit attempts
🛑 Vendors must expedite updates for dependent software
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